MODELING OF TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION BY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

«Modeling of territorial differentiation by transport infrastructure level of development». The research paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of differentiation of territories according to the level of transport infrastructure development. The purpose of the research is to develop a formalized approach to territorial differentiation according to the level of transport infrastructure development on the example of Ukrainian regions. The issues with the term of "transport infrastructure" are defined. Classical methodological approaches to transport infrastructure level of development assessment are described. The essence of the concept of "differentiation" and its meaning in the transport industry are revealed. The coefficients for assessing the provision of regions with transport infrastructure, transport network density coefficient and the assessment of transport network safety indicator are considered. On the basis of the considered coefficients and initial statistical data, the analysis of regions of Ukraine, based on a level of development of a transport infrastructure, was conducted. The inequality of transport infrastructure level of development (even within one country) is caused due to both objective (geographical location, resource potential) and subjective reasons (efficient use of resources, effectiveness of regional management). An integrated assessment in order to solve this task was formed. It is based on the apparatus of the methodology of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. For the practical demonstration, the regions of Ukraine were differentiated, according to the level of transport infrastructure development. During the evaluation, it is possible to determine the factor with the greatest impact on the overall result by region. Improving the quantitative indicators that form the most influential qualitative assessment would lead to an increasement of the overall assessment. Thus, using the developed algorithm, it becomes possible to optimize the management of transport infrastructure development of a particular territory.

The electronic scientifically and practical journal Introduction. The transport system has significant importance for the modern economy, because other industries productivity and, as a consequence, the financial welfare of the state depends on it. The role of transport systems is constantly growing, especially during the implementation of large-scale international integration plans.
Transport infrastructure refers to the framework that supports transport system. This includes roads, railways, ports and airports. The inequality of transport infrastructure level of development (even within one country) is caused due to both objective (geographical location, resource potential) and subjective reasons (efficient use of resources, effectiveness of regional management). Literature review and problem statement. In modern scientific researches, "transport infrastructure" is interpreted in several aspects [1][2][3][4][5]. However, none of the considered approaches takes into account the impact of integration processes on transport infrastructure.
A general definition of transport infrastructure is formulated as a connecting element between production and consumption, which includes networks of connections of all modes of transport and facilities serving vehicles and communications (stations, airports, ports, etc.). It is also recommended to consider the transport infrastructure as a system of infrastructure by types of transport. Analysis of scientific research about transport infrastructure showed a variety of approaches to the assessment of its development level. Namely: the concepts of "transport network density" [6], "carrying capacity" [7], "transportation timing" [8] and "transport infrastructure provision". Most of the modern methods of transport infrastructure assessment, however, do not include transport safety and geographical location indicators.
Unfortunately, each approach analyzes only one factor, ignoring other indices that could potentially affect the overall level of transport infrastructure. The lack of integrated assessment could lead to a misinterpretation of the real level of development and, as a consequence, inefficient management of transport system.
The aim and objective of research. The aim of the study is to develop a formalized approach of territorial differentiation by transport infrastructure level of development on the example of Ukrainian regions.
Presentation of the main material. The differentiation of transport infrastructure (TI) should be considered as a process of distribution of transport infrastructures on the basis of integrated quantitative assessments of their level of development.
The classic approach to transport infrastructure assessment is the analysis of regions provision with transport infrastructure, which is based on coefficients of Engel, Goltz, Uspensky, Vasilevsky [8]: the length of roads in the region; area of region; population; number of settlements; the total weight of freights transported to the territory; total weight of products produced on the territory.
However, this method has disadvantages, such as: a region with a large area loses to a country with a smaller area in advance; the geographical factor is not taken into account; etc. Therefore, during territorial analysis, these coefficients must be supplemented. It is recommended to take into account transport network density coefficients [8].
Transport network density coefficient is the ratio of total roads length in the region to the area of region (formula 5) and population (formula 6): 1000 , 5

, 6
Density of roads in relation to: the area of region and population (formula 7), density of -GDP.
Then the formula of integral assessment of road density:

, 10
It is worth to be included another approach to transport infrastructure level assessment, which is based on traffic safety index in transport network [9]. Accident rate: 10 365 * * , 11 where z -number of accidents per year; N -average daily traffic intensity in both directions; L -the road length.